kubeadm + Cilium 搭建kubernetes集群

不得不说的kubeadm

kubeadm部署很方便,但是是一个老外写的,使用staticPod(容器)运行的管理组件,镜像都是gcr.io域名仓库里的。
域名仓库很多docker的人甚至都不知道,docker镜像命名规则是域名/库名/img_name:tag这种形式,dockerhub上要拉取镜像直接是库名/img_name:tag这种名字,是因为域名缺省是docker.io也就是dockerhub上看到的都是这个域名仓库的
常见的域名仓库国外有gcr.io,quay.io,国内的阿里(registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com,hangzhou以外还有shenzhen啥的),daocloud.io等等.gcr.io因为位置在国外会拉取不到.国内阿里仓库同步了gcr.io/google_containers这些镜像,

总有人认为kubeadm的容器运行没有二进制运行放心.容器本身就是个隔离受限的进程,另外管理组件都是无状态的,但是他们总感觉不放心。
事实上除了kubelet以外所有组件都可以用容器方式运行,管理组件简单说下就是集群数据存放etcd数据库里,apiserver去和etcd交互,其他组件和apiserver交互,kubelet调用api去操作docker,其中一些组件也会去操作各个节点的系统设置
ererere

架构

三个master，多个node。
kube-proxy开启ipvs模式通信。
所有组件都得与kube-apiserver通信，这边在每台主机部署nginx容器，将kube-apiserver的访问代理到后端三个master上的kube-apiserver pod中去，实现master高可用。

master的组件

etcd
kube-apiserver
kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler
kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
nginx

node的组件

kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
nginx

环境准备

在所有节点操作

所有主机统一hosts

hosts统一如下
系统CentOS 7.6+以上，最好不要使用centos7.5以下，容器技术依赖于内核技术，低版本系统部署和运行后可能问题会非常多。

cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 apiserver.k8s.local
192.168.33.101 master01
192.168.33.102 master02
192.168.33.103 master03
192.168.33.201 node01
192.168.33.202 node02
192.168.33.203 node03

IP	Hostname	内核	CPU	Memory
192.168.33.101	master01	3.10.0-1062	2	4G
192.168.33.102	master02	3.10.0-1062	2	4G
192.168.33.103	master03	3.10.0-1062	2	4G
192.168.33.201	node01	3.10.0-1062	2	4G
192.168.33.202	node02	3.10.0-1062	2	4G
192.168.33.203	node03	3.10.0-1062	2	4G

kubeadm好像要求最低配置2c2g还是多少来着，越高越好
所有操作全部用root使用者进行，系统盘根目录一定要大，不然到时候镜像多了例如到了85%会被gc回收镜像
高可用一般建议大于等于3台的奇数台,使用3台master来做高可用

所有机器升级内核（可选）

导入升级内核的yum源

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

查看可用版本 kernel-lt指长期稳定版 kernel-ml指最新版

 yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available

安装kernel-ml

yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml kernel-ml-devel -y

设置启动项

查看系统上的所有可用内核

awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg

设置新的内核为grub2的默认版本

grub2-set-default 'CentOS Linux (5.7.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)'

生成 grub 配置文件并重启

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

reboot

重启后

uname -r

所有机器都关闭防火墙，swap，selinux

#关闭防火墙
systemctl disable --now firewalld NetworkManager

#关闭swap
swapoff -a
sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab

#关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -ri '/^[^#]*SELINUX=/s#=.+$#=disabled#' /etc/selinux/config

所有机器yum准备

yum install epel-release -y

yum update -y

yum -y install  gcc bc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake elfutils-libelf-devel openssl-devel flex* bison* autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake  pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel   jemalloc-devel tlc libtool vim unzip wget lrzsz bash-comp* ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat conntrack libseccomp conntrack-tools socat curl wget git conntrack-tools psmisc nfs-utils tree bash-completion conntrack libseccomp net-tools crontabs sysstat iftop nload strace bind-utils tcpdump htop telnet lsof

所有机器都加载ipvs

内核4.19及4.19以上的用这个ipvs配置文件

:> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
module=(
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
br_netfilter
  )
for kernel_module in ${module[@]};do
    /sbin/modinfo -F filename $kernel_module |& grep -qv ERROR && echo $kernel_module >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf || :
done

内核4.19以下的，不包括4.19，用这个ipvs配置文件

:> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
module=(
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack_ipv4
br_netfilter
  )
for kernel_module in ${module[@]};do
    /sbin/modinfo -F filename $kernel_module |& grep -qv ERROR && echo $kernel_module >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf || :
done

加载ipvs模块

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

查询ipvs是否加载

$ lsmod | grep ip_vs
ip_vs_sh               12688  0 
ip_vs_wrr              12697  0 
ip_vs_rr               12600  11 
ip_vs                 145497  17 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack          133095  7 ip_vs,nf_nat,nf_nat_ipv4,xt_conntrack,nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4,nf_conntrack_netlink,nf_conntrack_ipv4
libcrc32c              12644  3 ip_vs,nf_nat,nf_conntrack

所有机器都设置k8s系统参数

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1           #禁用ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1       #禁用ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1            #禁用ipv6
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120   #决定检查过期多久邻居条目
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0              #关闭反向路由校验
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0          #关闭反向路由校验
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2       #始终使用与目标IP地址对应的最佳本地IP地址作为ARP请求的源IP地址
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2            #始终使用与目标IP地址对应的最佳本地IP地址作为ARP请求的源IP地址
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2           #始终使用与目标IP地址对应的最佳本地IP地址作为ARP请求的源IP地址
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1                      #启用ip转发功能
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000           #表示系统同时保持TIME_WAIT套接字的最大数量
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1                  #表示开启SYN Cookies。当出现SYN等待队列溢出时，启用cookies来处理
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024          #接受SYN同包的最大客户端数量
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2              #活动TCP连接重传次数
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1      #要求iptables对bridge的数据进行处理
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1       #要求iptables对bridge的数据进行处理
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 1      #要求iptables对bridge的数据进行处理
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720     #修改最大连接数
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100            #同一用户同时可以添加的watch数目
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1                     #允许文件卸载
fs.file-max = 52706963                       #系统级别的能够打开的文件句柄的数量
fs.nr_open = 52706963                        #单个进程可分配的最大文件数
vm.overcommit_memory=1                       #表示内核允许分配所有的物理内存，而不管当前的内存状态如何
vm.panic_on_oom=0                            #内核将检查是否有足够的可用内存供应用进程使用
vm.swappiness = 0                            #关注swap
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600            #修复ipvs模式下长连接timeout问题,小于900即可
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30            #探测没有确认时，重新发送探测的频度
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 10           #在认定连接失效之前，发送多少个TCP的keepalive探测包
vm.max_map_count=262144                      #定义了一个进程能拥有的最多的内存区域
EOF

sysctl --system

所有机器都设置文件最大数

cat>/etc/security/limits.d/kubernetes.conf<<EOF
*       soft    nproc   131072
*       hard    nproc   131072
*       soft    nofile  131072
*       hard    nofile  131072
root    soft    nproc   131072
root    hard    nproc   131072
root    soft    nofile  131072
root    hard    nofile  131072
EOF

所有机器都设置docker 安装

docker yum

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/  &&  wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

官方脚本检查

docker官方的内核检查脚本建议(RHEL7/CentOS7: User namespaces disabled; add 'user_namespace.enable=1' to boot command line)

grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"

#然后重启
reboot

docker安装

yum install docker-ce -y

配置docker

cp /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/docker /etc/bash_completion.d/

mkdir -p /etc/docker/

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
    "log-driver": "json-file",
    "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
    "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m",
    "max-file": "3"
    },
    "live-restore": true,
    "max-concurrent-downloads": 10,
    "max-concurrent-uploads": 10,
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://2lefsjdg.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
    "storage-driver": "overlay2",
    "storage-opts": [
    "overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
    ]
}
EOF

启动docker

systemctl enable --now docker

kubeadm部署

所有机器都设置kubeadm yum

在所有节点操作

cat <<EOF >/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF

maser节点安装

yum install -y \
    kubeadm-1.18.5 \
    kubectl-1.18.5 \
    kubelet-1.18.5 \
    --disableexcludes=kubernetes && \
    systemctl enable kubelet

node节点安装

yum install -y \
    kubeadm-1.18.5 \
    kubelet-1.18.5 \
    --disableexcludes=kubernetes && \
    systemctl enable kubelet

master高可用

在所有节点部署一个nginx容器

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes

cat > /etc/kubernetes/nginx.conf << EOF
user nginx nginx;
worker_processes auto;
events {
    worker_connections  20240;
    use epoll;
}
error_log /var/log/nginx_error.log info;
stream {
    upstream kube-servers {
        hash $remote_addr consistent;
        server master01:6443 weight=5 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=3s;
        server master02:6443 weight=5 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=3s;
        server master03:6443 weight=5 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=3s;
    }
    server {
        listen 8443 reuseport;
        proxy_connect_timeout 3s;
        proxy_timeout 3000s;
        proxy_pass kube-servers;
    }
}
EOF

docker run --restart=always \
    -v /etc/kubernetes/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
    -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \
    --name k8sHA \
    --net host \
    -d \
    nginx

kubeadm配置文件

kubeadm100年证书编译参考https://github.com/21ki/kubernetes/blob/master/.github/workflows/go.yml

wget https://github.com/21ki/kubernetes/releases/download/v1.19.1/kubeadm-v1.19.1.zip
unzip kubeadm-v1.19.1.zip
chmod +x kubeadm
mv -f kubeadm /usr/bin/kubeadm

在master01节点操作

cat > /root/initconfig.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio
kubernetesVersion: v1.18.5
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
networking: 
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 169.0.0.0/12
  podSubnet: 10.0.0.0/8  ##Cilium的pod段
controlPlaneEndpoint: apiserver.k8s.local:8443
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
  extraArgs:
    authorization-mode: "Node,RBAC"
    enable-admission-plugins: "NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,Priority,PodPreset"
    runtime-config: api/all=true,settings.k8s.io/v1alpha1=true
    storage-backend: etcd3
    etcd-servers: https://192.168.33.101:2379,https://192.168.33.102:2379,https://192.168.33.103:2379 #修改对应的ip
  certSANs:
  - 10.96.0.1
  - 127.0.0.1
  - localhost
  - apiserver.k8s.local
  - 192.168.33.101 #修改对应的ip
  - 192.168.33.102 #修改对应的ip
  - 192.168.33.103 #修改对应的ip
  - master01       #修改对应的hostname
  - master02       #修改对应的hostname
  - master03       #修改对应的hostname
  - master
  - kubernetes
  - kubernetes.default 
  - kubernetes.default.svc 
  - kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
  extraVolumes:
  - hostPath: /etc/localtime
    mountPath: /etc/localtime
    name: localtime
    readOnly: true
controllerManager:
  extraArgs:
    bind-address: "0.0.0.0"
    experimental-cluster-signing-duration: 867000h
  extraVolumes:
  - hostPath: /etc/localtime
    mountPath: /etc/localtime
    name: localtime
    readOnly: true
scheduler: 
  extraArgs:
    bind-address: "0.0.0.0"
  extraVolumes:
  - hostPath: /etc/localtime
    mountPath: /etc/localtime
    name: localtime
    readOnly: true
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
  imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio
  imageTag: 1.7.0
etcd:
  local:
    imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio
    imageTag: 3.4.7
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
    serverCertSANs:
    - master
    - 192.168.33.101   #修改对应的ip
    - 192.168.33.102   #修改对应的ip
    - 192.168.33.103   #修改对应的ip
    - master01      #修改对应的hostname
    - master02      #修改对应的hostname
    - master03      #修改对应的hostname
    peerCertSANs:
    - master
    - 192.168.33.101     #修改对应的ip
    - 192.168.33.102     #修改对应的ip
    - 192.168.33.103     #修改对应的ip
    - master01           #修改对应的hostname
    - master02           #修改对应的hostname
    - master03           #修改对应的hostname
    extraArgs:
      auto-compaction-retention: "1h"
      max-request-bytes: "33554432"
      quota-backend-bytes: "8589934592"
      enable-v2: "false"
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
ipvs:
  excludeCIDRs: null
  minSyncPeriod: 0s
  scheduler: "rr"
  strictARP: false
  syncPeriod: 15s
iptables:
  masqueradeAll: true
  masqueradeBit: 14
  minSyncPeriod: 0s
  syncPeriod: 30s
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: "systemd"
failSwapOn: true
EOF

检查文件是否错误，忽略warning，错误的话会抛出error，没错则会输出到包含字符串kubeadm join xxx啥的

kubeadm init --config /root/initconfig.yaml --dry-run

预先拉取镜像

kubeadm config images pull --config /root/initconfig.yaml

部署master

在master01节点操作

kubeadm init --config /root/initconfig.yaml --upload-certs

...
...
...
You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:

  kubeadm join apiserver.k8s.local:8443 --token 8lmdqu.cqe8r0rxa0056vmm \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5ca87fff6b414a0872ab5452972d7e36e4bad7ab3a0bc385abe0138ce671eabb \
    --control-plane --certificate-key 7a1d432b2834464a82fd7cba0e9e5d8409c492cf9a4ee6328fb4f84b6a78934a

Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use 
"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join apiserver.k8s.local:8443 --token 8lmdqu.cqe8r0rxa0056vmm \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5ca87fff6b414a0872ab5452972d7e36e4bad7ab3a0bc385abe0138ce671eabb

复制kubectl的kubeconfig，kubectl的kubeconfig路径默认是~/.kube/config

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

sudo cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

init的yaml信息实际上会存在集群的configmap里，我们可以随时查看，该yaml在其他node和master join的时候会使用到

kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml

设置ep的rbac

kube-apiserver的web健康检查路由有权限，我们需要开放用来监控或者对接SLB的健康检查

cat > /root/healthz-rbac.yml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: healthz-reader
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: healthz-reader
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:authenticated
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:unauthenticated
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: healthz-reader
rules:
- nonResourceURLs: ["/healthz", "/healthz/*"]
  verbs: ["get", "post"]
EOF

kubectl apply -f /root/healthz-rbac.yml

配置其他master的k8s管理组件

将master01上的配置文件发到其他2个master节点上

for node in 192.168.33.102 192.168.33.103;do
    ssh $node 'mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd'
    scp -r /root/initconfig.yaml $node:/root/initconfig.yaml
    scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.* $node:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
    scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.* $node:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
    scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.* $node:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
    scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* $node:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
done

其他master join进来

先拉取镜像

kubeadm config images pull --config /root/initconfig.yaml

查看master01上带有--control-plane的那一行

kubeadm join apiserver.k8s.local:8443 --token 8lmdqu.cqe8r0rxa0056vmm \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5ca87fff6b414a0872ab5452972d7e36e4bad7ab3a0bc385abe0138ce671eabb \
    --control-plane --certificate-key 7a1d432b2834464a82fd7cba0e9e5d8409c492cf9a4ee6328fb4f84b6a78934a

所有master配置kubectl

准备kubectl的kubeconfig

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

sudo cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

设置kubectl的补全脚本

yum -y install bash-comp*

source <(kubectl completion bash)

echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >> ~/.bashrc

master配置etcdctl

所有master节点先复制出容器里的etcdctl

docker cp `docker ps -a | awk '/k8s_etcd/{print $1}'|head -n1`:/usr/local/bin/etcdctl /usr/local/bin/etcdctl

编写一个简单别名，记得替换对应的ip

cat >/etc/profile.d/etcd.sh<<'EOF'
ETCD_CERET_DIR=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
ETCD_CA_FILE=ca.crt
ETCD_KEY_FILE=healthcheck-client.key
ETCD_CERT_FILE=healthcheck-client.crt
ETCD_EP=https://192.168.33.101:2379,https://192.168.33.102:2379,https://192.168.33.103:2379

alias etcd_v3="ETCDCTL_API=3 \
    etcdctl   \
   --cert ${ETCD_CERET_DIR}/${ETCD_CERT_FILE} \
   --key ${ETCD_CERET_DIR}/${ETCD_KEY_FILE} \
   --cacert ${ETCD_CERET_DIR}/${ETCD_CA_FILE} \
   --endpoints $ETCD_EP"
EOF

source  /etc/profile.d/etcd.sh

etcd_v3 endpoint status --write-out=table

+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+
|          ENDPOINT           |        ID        | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+
| https://192.168.33.101:2379 | c724c500884441af |  3.4.7 |  1.6 MB |      true |         7 |       1865 |
| https://192.168.33.102:2379 | 3dcceec24ad5c5d4 |  3.4.7 |  1.6 MB |     false |         7 |       1865 |
| https://192.168.33.103:2379 | bc21062efb4a5d4c |  3.4.7 |  1.5 MB |     false |         7 |       1865 |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+

etcd_v3 endpoint health --write-out=table
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|          ENDPOINT           | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://192.168.33.103:2379 |   true | 19.288026ms |       |
| https://192.168.33.102:2379 |   true |   19.2603ms |       |
| https://192.168.33.101:2379 |   true | 22.490443ms |       |
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+

配置etcd备份脚本
记得替换对应的ip

mkdir -p /opt/etcd

cat>/opt/etcd/etcd_cron.sh<<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
set -e
source  /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
master=`ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --endpoints="https://192.168.33.101:2379,https://192.168.33.102:2379,https://192.168.33.103:2379" --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt  endpoint status  | grep true|awk -F"," '{print $1}'`
:  ${bak_dir:=/root/} #缺省备份目录,可以修改成存在的目录
:  ${cert_dir:=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/}
:  ${endpoints:=$master}
bak_prefix='etcd-'
cmd_suffix='date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M'
bak_suffix='.db'

#将规范化后的命令行参数分配至位置参数（$1,$2,...)
temp=`getopt -n $0 -o c:d: -u -- "$@"`

[ $? != 0 ] && {
    echo '
Examples:
  # just save once
  bash $0 /tmp/etcd.db
  # save in contab and  keep 5
  bash $0 -c 5
    '
    exit 1
    }

set -- $temp
# -c 备份保留副本数量
# -d 指定备份存放目录

while true;do
    case "$1" in
        -c)
            [ -z "$bak_count" ] && bak_count=$2
            printf -v null %d "$bak_count" &>/dev/null || \
                { echo 'the value of the -c must be number';exit 1; }
            shift 2
            ;;
        -d)
            [ ! -d "$2" ] && mkdir -p $2
            bak_dir=$2
            shift 2
            ;;
         *)
            [[ -z "$1" || "$1" == '--' ]] && { shift;break; }
            echo "Internal error!"
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
done



etcd::cron::save(){
    cd $bak_dir/
    ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --endpoints=$endpoints --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt  snapshot save  $bak_prefix$($cmd_suffix)$bak_suffix
    rm_files=`ls -t $bak_prefix*$bak_suffix | tail -n +$[bak_count+1]`
    if [ -n "$rm_files" ];then
        rm -f $rm_files
    fi
}

main(){
    [ -n "$bak_count" ] && etcd::cron::save || etcd_v3 snapshot save $@
}

main $@
EOF

crontab -e添加下面内容自动保留四个备份副本

0 0 * * * bash /opt/etcd/etcd_cron.sh  -c 4 -d /opt/etcd/ &>/dev/null

部署node

在node节点执行

和master的join一样，提前准备好环境和docker，然后join的时候不需要带--control-plane

kubeadm join apiserver.k8s.local:8443 --token 8lmdqu.cqe8r0rxa0056vmm \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5ca87fff6b414a0872ab5452972d7e36e4bad7ab3a0bc385abe0138ce671eabb

打标签

role只是一个label，可以打label，想显示啥就node-role.kubernetes.io/xxxx

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
master01   NotReady   master   17m   v1.18.5
master02   NotReady   master   14m   v1.18.5
master03   NotReady   master   13m   v1.18.5
node01     NotReady   <none>   24s   v1.18.5
node02     NotReady   <none>   18s   v1.18.5
node03     NotReady   <none>   11s   v1.18.5

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl label node node01 node-role.kubernetes.io/node=""
node/node01 labeled
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl label node node02 node-role.kubernetes.io/node=""
node/node02 labeled
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl label node node03 node-role.kubernetes.io/node=""
node/node03 labeled

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes 
NAME       STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
master01   NotReady   master   25m     v1.18.5
master02   NotReady   master   22m     v1.18.5
master03   NotReady   master   21m     v1.18.5
node01     NotReady   node     8m      v1.18.5
node02     NotReady   node     7m54s   v1.18.5
node03     NotReady   node     7m47s   v1.18.5

部署网络插件Cilium

准备helm3

https://github.com/helm/helm/releases

链接: [https://pan.baidu.com/s/13qsdwCzaKfnZNlDarsBYpg](https://pan.baidu.com/s/13qsdwCzaKfnZNlDarsBYpg) 提取码: wu22

tar xvf helm-v3.3.0-rc.1-linux-amd64.tar

chmod +x linux-amd64/helm 
mv linux-amd64/helm  /usr/bin/

部署Cilium

https://github.com/cilium/cilium

helm repo add cilium https://helm.cilium.io

helm install cilium cilium/cilium --version 1.8.1 \
   --namespace kube-system \
   --set global.nodeinit.enabled=true \
   --set global.externalIPs.enabled=true \
   --set global.nodePort.enabled=true \
   --set global.hostPort.enabled=true \
   --set global.pullPolicy=IfNotPresent \
   --set config.ipam=cluster-pool \
   --set global.hubble.enabled=true \
   --set global.hubble.listenAddress=":4244" \
   --set global.hubble.relay.enabled=true \
   --set global.hubble.metrics.enabled="{dns,drop,tcp,flow,port-distribution,icmp,http}" \
   --set global.prometheus.enabled=true \
   --set global.operatorPrometheus.enabled=true \
   --set global.hubble.ui.enabled=true

hubble-ui镜像下载
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gRVM37RjFyEebBfQ-1MyJQ 提取码: gtyv

测试

验证集群可用性

最基本的3master3node集群搭建完成了

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -w
NAMESPACE     NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   cilium-4qs42                       1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-5v9xc                       1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-gw5nh                       1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-node-init-4cvlf             1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-node-init-4jxhb             1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-node-init-5m5ns             1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-node-init-klw8c             1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-node-init-kvgwp             1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-node-init-sc2wb             1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-nz8wc                       1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-operator-657978fb5b-j8bzv   1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-p6mzq                       1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   cilium-xchz5                       1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   coredns-84b99c4749-bb54k           1/1     Running   0          29m
kube-system   coredns-84b99c4749-q9z4r           1/1     Running   0          29m
kube-system   etcd-master01                      1/1     Running   0          29m
kube-system   etcd-master02                      1/1     Running   0          26m
kube-system   etcd-master03                      1/1     Running   0          26m
kube-system   hubble-relay-55c5cbdfcb-m4bx6      1/1     Running   0          11m
kube-system   hubble-ui-66fdcdc6d-czz8k          1/1     Running   0          14m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-master01            1/1     Running   0          29m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-master02            1/1     Running   0          27m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-master03            1/1     Running   0          25m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-master01   1/1     Running   1          29m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-master02   1/1     Running   0          27m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-master03   1/1     Running   0          25m
kube-system   kube-proxy-9k98m                   1/1     Running   0          26m
kube-system   kube-proxy-ddhd4                   1/1     Running   0          25m
kube-system   kube-proxy-dqd45                   1/1     Running   0          25m
kube-system   kube-proxy-jbwtg                   1/1     Running   0          27m
kube-system   kube-proxy-mj75f                   1/1     Running   0          29m
kube-system   kube-proxy-xjpkd                   1/1     Running   0          25m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-master01            1/1     Running   1          29m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-master02            1/1     Running   0          27m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-master03            1/1     Running   0          25m

重启docker，kubelet

由于kubeadm默认使用cgoupfs，官方推荐用systemd，所有节点都得进行检查和修改成systemd，然后重启docker，kubelelt

vim /var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

所有节点先重启docker 再重启kubelet

systemctl restart docker
systemctl restart kubelet

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get  nodes
NAME       STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
master01   Ready    master   37m   v1.18.5
master02   Ready    master   34m   v1.18.5
master03   Ready    master   33m   v1.18.5
node01     Ready    node     19m   v1.18.5
node02     Ready    node     19m   v1.18.5
node03     Ready    node     19m   v1.18.5

demo测试

cat<<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:alpine
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: busybox
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:1.28.4
    command:
      - sleep
      - "3600"
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  restartPolicy: Always
EOF

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get all  -o wide
NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP               NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/busybox                  1/1     Running   0          73s   10.244.186.194   node03   <none>           <none>
pod/nginx-5c559d5697-24zck   1/1     Running   0          73s   10.244.186.193   node03   <none>           <none>

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE   SELECTOR
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1      <none>        443/TCP   42m   <none>
service/nginx        ClusterIP   10.111.219.3   <none>        80/TCP    73s   app=nginx

NAME                    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
deployment.apps/nginx   1/1     1            1           73s   nginx        nginx:alpine   app=nginx

NAME                               DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
replicaset.apps/nginx-5c559d5697   1         1         1       73s   nginx        nginx:alpine   app=nginx,pod-template-hash=5c559d5697

验证集群dns

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl exec -ti busybox -- nslookup kubernetes
Server:		10.96.0.10
Address:	10.96.0.10#53

Name:	kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.96.0.1

测试nginx是否通

在master上curl nginx的pod的ip出现nginx的index内容即集群正常

[root@master01 ~]# curl 10.244.186.193
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

在master上curl nginx的svc的ip出现nginx的index内容即集群正常

[root@master01 ~]# curl 10.111.219.3
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

[root@master01 ~]# kubectl exec -ti busybox -- nslookup nginx
Server:		10.96.0.10
Address:	10.96.0.10#53

Name:	nginx.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.111.219.3

ipvs验证

[root@node01 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  10.96.0.1:443 rr
  -> 192.168.33.101:6443          Masq    1      1          0         
  -> 192.168.33.102:6443          Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.33.103:6443          Masq    1      1          0         
TCP  10.96.0.10:53 rr
  -> 10.244.140.65:53             Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.140.67:53             Masq    1      0          0         
TCP  10.96.0.10:9153 rr
  -> 10.244.140.65:9153           Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.140.67:9153           Masq    1      0          0         
TCP  10.111.219.3:80 rr
  -> 10.244.186.193:80            Masq    1      0          0         
UDP  10.96.0.10:53 rr
  -> 10.244.140.65:53             Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.140.67:53             Masq    1      0          0

网络可视化神器 Hubble

Cilium 强大之处就是提供了简单高效的网络可视化功能，它是通过 Hubble 组件完成的。Cilium 在 1.7 版本后推出并开源了 Hubble，它是专门为网络可视化设计，能够利用 Cilium 提供的 eBPF 数据路径，获得对 Kubernetes 应用和服务的网络流量的深度可见性。

kubectl edit svc -n kube-system  hubble-ui

[转载]https://www.yuque.com/xiaowei-trt7k/tw/ah0ls0